There are two major breeding methods: inbreeding and out breeding.

Inbreeding:

It is defined as “breeding of more closely related individuals (males and females) than the average relationship of the population.” Depending upon the closeness among mated individuals, inbreeding is of 3 types.

They are:

(i) Close inbreeding (mating individuals have relationship above 0.25),

(ii) Mild inbreeding (mating of relatives beyond 2nd generation and upto 6th generation),

(iii) Line breeding (mating of relatives between 4th-6th generations).

Advantages of Inbreeding:

1. Due to increase in homozygosity, the stamping ability or prepotency of inbred line increases.

2. It helps to eliminate lethals and semi lethals due to homozygosity.

3. It increases genetic variance between lines and reduces genetic variance within lines.

Disadvantages of Inbreeding:

1. Many lines are lost due to homozygous lethals or semi lethals.

2. Due to loss of heterozygosity, the hybrid vigour is lost.

3. Inbreeding leads to lower birth weight, post natal mortality (baby death after birth), poor growth, reproductive disorder and low resistance to diseases

Out-breeding:

It is opposite of inbreeding where unrelated individuals are mated. The breeding individuals have relationship less than the average relationship of the population. Out­breeding results in increase in heterozygosity and decrease in homozygosity.

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Out-breeding can be classified into two major classes:

i) Out-breeding within a breed and

(ii) Out-breeding between two species/strain/line/breed.

Advantages of out-breeding:

1. Out-breeding increases heterozygosity which results in hybrid vigour (increase in weight, faster growth, increased resistance to disease, low mortality).

2. It covers the defects of recessive lethals and semi-lethal genes.

3. It increases genetic variance within lines

Best Regards
Rebecca Pearson
Editorial Manager